江西省九岭山自然保护区鱼类资源概况

2007年10月对江西省九岭山自然保护区野生鱼类区系及资源进行了调查.共采集标本952尾,鉴定为39种,隶属于3目12科33属,多为山区溪流小型鱼类.以鲤科鱼类为主, 21种,占鱼类总物种数的53.85%.对各采样溪流进行多样性比较显示,青山站水系(H:3.2)多样性指数最高,和尚坪水系(H:1.9)多样性指数最低;各采样溪流的均匀性指数相差不大(E:0.7～0.9),且优势种群不明显(λ:0.1～0.3).     

Effects of larval host plants on over-wintering preparedness and survival of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Laboratory colonies of cotton bollworm larvae, Helicoverpa armigera, kept at 20 degrees C under a photoperiod of L:D=10:14 were fed on five host plants (cotton, corn, kidney bean, tobacco and tomato) and an artificial diet (control) to determine the effects of larval host quality on survival and pupal over-wintering preparedness. A separate experiment showed that diapausing pupae weighed more and contained greater nutrient stores than did non-diapausing pupae. Diapausing pupae reared on different host plants showed significant differences in terms of over-wintering reserve storage, and degree of cold-hardiness (extent of low-molecular-weight substances and SCPs), and survivorship. The more nutrients the host plant had, the more the pupae weighed and the higher the levels of total lipids and glycogen. Body water content was also significantly affected by larval food quality. The mean pupal super-cooling capacities varied significantly from -16.7 to -18.9 degrees C according to host plants the larvae feed on, and these significantly related to water content, pupal weight, lipid and glycogen content, and the levels of glycerol. Levels of trehalose, glycerol, and inositol, which were mainly low-molecular-weight substances, showed no significant differences among different host plants, except for trehalose. Pupal mortality varied from 39.7% on corn to 3.3% on the artificial diet, which was significantly related to pupal weight, total lipid content, trehalose levels, and super-cooling points. These results suggest that larval food quality can affect survival and influence the over-wintering preparedness of the cotton bollworm.     

Changes in fish assemblages following 10 years of protection in Tasmanian marine protected areas

Most studies examining effects of marine protected areas (MPAs) on fish assemblages are potentially confounded, either because they are once off comparisons between fished and unfished locations, or because they are snapshot studies over a fixed period. Here we compare long-term changes within fully protected Tasmanian marine reserves with changes at external reference sites on an annual basis over the first ten years of protection. The results highlight the importance of long-term datasets for differentiating changes occurring over differing time scales. Notable results include a statistically significant increase in abundance of Latridopsis forsteri and large fish (> 300 mm) when examined across all reserves relative to controls, and a 10-fold increase in the abundance of large fish and a doubling of per site species richness of large fish within the Tinderbox Marine Reserve relative to controls. Short-term resident species that recruit sporadically show very different patterns in reserves compared to those that recruit regularly and have long-term age-class storage. While several recent reviews have suggested size of MPAs and duration of protection has little influence on the extent of recovery, our results suggest this is not the case and that responses can be slow, complex and species-specific. The extent of localised fishing pressure appeared to have a substantial influence on the degree of change detected, potentially confounding meta-analyses of recovery rates in MPAs if overlooked as a relevant parameter.     

Conservation Reserve Program Benefits on Henslow's Sparrows Within the United States

ABSTRACT Henslow's sparrow (Ammodramus henslowii) is one of North America's fastest declining songbirds. Population declines combined with a small global population have led to heightened conservation concern. I used data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey to assess the impact that the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) has had on Henslow's sparrows throughout their United States breeding range. My analysis suggests local Henslow's sparrow population trends are correlated with CRP enrollment, with populations increasing more in areas with relatively high local CRP enrollment, and that CRP appears to be playing a significant role in reversing long-term population declines.     

江苏宜兴龙池山现代植被表土孢粉的初步研究

江苏宜兴龙池山森林自然保护区表土花粉分析结果表明,表土孢粉植物群主要以栎属(Quercus)、松属(Pinus)、青冈属(Cyclobalanopsis)、栲属(Castanopsis)/柯属(Lithocarpus)、栗属(Castanea)占优势的木本植物组成,混生有枫香属(Liquidambar)、杨梅属(Myrica)、冬青属(Ilex)、女贞属(Ligustrum)、紫树属(Nyssa)、盐肤木属(Rhus)、黄连木属(Pistacia)等亚热带常见植物类型。研究区不同海拔高度的表土孢粉组合特征基本反映了当地现今的植物构成、植被面貌及其垂直分布规律。结合长江三角洲及其周边地区其他代表性表土花粉资料,首次提出以常绿阔叶木本植物与落叶阔叶木本植物含量之比(E/D),并结合重要优势、标志木本植物科属,初步识别和确立各地带性森林植被的表土花粉指标,为这一地区开展第四纪古植被和古气候等孢粉研究提供参考性依据。     

新疆托木尔峰国家级自然保护区北山羊种群密度与栖息地利用(英文)

2005年10—12月对新疆托木尔峰国家级自然保护区北山羊(Capraibex)的种群密度与栖息地利用进行调查。种群密度调查显示该地区北山羊平均群大小为8.43只,种群密度为269.76只/100km2;栖息地选择调查结果显示北山羊广泛活动在海拔2500—3000m的区域范围内,对距悬崖距离、坡度、地形和植被类型有一定选择倾向,它倾向在悬崖附近(<100m)、坡度大于30°而小于45°和崎岖的山地活动,会避开草地和平坦山坡。北山羊这种栖息地利用模式可能与满足自身安全需要有关。     

广西雅长自然保护区兰科植物多样性研究

对广西雅长兰科植物自然保护区的兰科植物多样性进行调查研究。该保护区兰科植物多样性具有如下特点:(1)物种多样性丰富,居群数量大,共有兰科植物44属113种(含5变种);(2)分布广泛,生境复杂多样;(3)地理成分兼备热带和亚热带性质,生活类型齐全;(4)垂直分布格局呈现一定规律性。文章最后提出了该保护区兰科植物多样性保护及利用的初步建议。     

广东鼎湖山自然保护区森林景观的动态模拟研究

在遥感和GIS系统支持下,以1991年和1999年两个时期的Landsat-TM合成影像为基础,利用马尔科夫模型,模拟鼎湖山自然保护区森林景观的动态演变。结果表明:常绿阔叶林面积增加,除水域外,其它面积相应减少,到达稳定期,区域内大多为常绿阔叶林,少量的混交林,其它类型几乎消失。这个趋势是和该地区森林的演替规律相符的,但是这种结果对维持保护区内的景观多样性是不利的。     

凉水与帽儿山自然保护区植物区系的比较研究

通过凉水红松阔叶次生林与帽儿山红松阔叶次生林的区系成分对比分析,阐明了凉水自然保护区与帽儿山自然保护区的区系成分的差异及其影响差异的因素。结果表明,纬度差异是两个自然保护区区系成分差异的重要因素,凉水自然保护区纬度偏高,温带成分占有很大比例,而帽儿山自然保护区纬度偏低,增加了许多华北植物区系成分及热带、亚热带植物区系成分。凉水自然保护区共有种子植物80科243属441种,帽儿山自然保护区共有种子植物87科328属750种。在特有成分上,两个保护区也有差异,帽儿山自然保护区含有更多的中国特有种。     

云南省小黑山自然保护区兰科植物多样性及保护评价

云南省小黑山自然保护区孕育了丰富的兰科植物。据调查,保护区有兰科植物43属、134种,约占云南省135属、780种的31.9%和17.2%,是保护区种子植物种类最多的科。兰科植物在保护区的各个生态类型中均有出现。保护区134种兰科植物以附生兰占优势,占67.16%(90种);其次,地生兰占31.34%(42种),腐生兰为1.50%(2种)。保护区兰科植物起源于新、旧世界的热带和温带,热带属占70.0%(28),温带属占27.5%(11)。鉴于兰科植物重要的保护价值,应加强保护区兰科植物的保护。首先应加强保护区的建设和管理,还应加强社区经济发展,加强科学研究,实施社区共管以及加大保护宣传力度。